Blog: Holyrood Palace Scotland

Transatlantic sea lanes were first charted by the Spanish, bringing silver from Mexico and Latin America, and the European cod trade off Newfoundland. In 1602, Bartholomew Gosnold took seven weeks to make landfall in America via the northern route, returning to England in 32 days the same way.

Atlantic trade winds come out of the northeast in the northern hemisphere and blow from the southeast below the equator. This predictable pattern explains why ships sailing between Europe and America took a wide, curving course.

The Southern Route

Ships on the southern route traveled Spain’s coast to the Canary Islands, hoping to catch prevailing westerly winds below the Tropic of Cancer. Those would propel them toward the Caribbean Islands, from which they headed north, boosted by the Gulf Stream flow.

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